This means that node point 20 is not restrained against a point in space, but rather that it cannot move in the global Y-direction relative to node point 10 - the end of the expansion joint - an effective representation of a tied expansion joint. Placement of a restraint here in this manner restrains node point 20 (the end of the tie rod) against a rigid point in space this can be adjusted by defining the restraint node point 10 as a CNODE. The attachment is provided by placing a restraint at the far end of the tie rod (node point 20) in the direction of the expansion joint axis, in this case the Y direction. This puts node points 10 and 20 at a coincident location, without any actual attachment. It is no surprise that a failure in a connecting rod can be one of the most costly and damaging failures in an engine. See section 10.10.6.5 and its commentary of ACI 318-08 which deals with minimum eccentricity of long columns. The tie rod element is then run from node point 5 to node point 20, using the same delta-coordinates as for the expansion joint. The bellows element is modeled as running between the two node points 5 and 10. Consider the expansion joint/tie rod assembly shown in Figure 3-43. With "CNODEs" (other nodes in the system to which a restraint is connected). The tie rods are modeled in CAESAR II to resist only axial loads through the use of restraints
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